Crude oil drips from a valve at an oil well operated by Venezuela's state oil company PDVSA in Morichal July 28, 2011. Independent refiners, known as teapots, account for a fifth of China's oil purchases, and more than half of its asphalt production. PetroChina, PDVSA and the Venezuelan oil ministry did not immediately respond to requests for comment. Before the U.S. imposed sanctions in 2019, subsidiary PetroChina Fuel Oil Co was the key seller of Venezuelan oil to independent refiners. Independent refiners like Venezuelan heavy crude for its high yield of road-paving material asphalt at about 60%, versus around 45% for Iranian oil.

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Persons: Carlos Garcia Rawlins, Sellers, PetroChina, PDVSA, Muyu Xu, Marianna Parraga, Florence Tan Organizations: REUTERS, Rights, ICE Brent, Reuters, Fuel, Co, Thomson Locations: Morichal, Rights SINGAPORE, Washington, China, Venezuela, Iran, Russia, Iraq, Canada, OPEC, Malaysia, Venezuela's, Singapore, Houston